ABSTRACT
Aim: Dentin graft has been recently used as a bone substitute in implant surgery. After third molar extraction a distal ridgedefect may result. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of using autogenous dentin graft afterlower third molars extraction. Materials and methods: The inclusion criteria included patients with mirror-image impactedlower third molars, at least 18 years old, non-smokers, and without any medical disease. Outcomes assessed included pocketdepth (PD) at the lower second molars, Recession (MG), Clinical Attachment level (CAL), Pain using visual analogue score(VAS), Swelling, and Healing. PD, MG and CAL were assessed at three time points (point 1: pre-surgery, point 2: onemonth post extraction, point 3: three months post extraction). The follow up visits were at 7 days (T1), 42 days (T2), and 92days (T3) postoperatively. Hypothesis testing was performed using a significance level of 0.05. Results: Ten patients wereenrolled in the study but 3 of them failed to follow up and were excluded. Pocket depth was not significantly differentbetween the intervention and control groups at T2 and T3. Gingival recession was significantly lower in the treatment groupat T2 (P 0.048) but was not significantly different at T3. The odds of being in a higher category in the dentin graft group attime 3 was 14% the odds in the control arm at time 3 (OR = 0.14, p = 0.09). There was no significant difference between theintervention and control groups for pain VAS, healing, and swelling. Conclusion: Dentin graft is a viable material for bonegrafting after extraction of third molar sockets. Although there was no statistically significant difference between tested andcontrol sites, this maybe a result of the small sample size and the nature of the included cases. Clinical significance:Autogenous dentin graft can be used as a cost-effective, safe, and biocompatible bone-substitute after third molarextractions.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to review the mechanism of action, physiological effects, and therapeutic applications of botulinum neurotoxins in the head and neck area. An extensive literature search was performed using keywords. The resulting articles were analyzed for relevance in four areas: overview on botulinum neurotoxins, the role of botulinum neurotoxins in the management of salivary secretory disorders, the role of botulinum neurotoxins in the management of facial pain, and the role of botulinum neurotoxins in head and neck movement disorders. Institutional review board approval was not needed due the nature of the study. Botulinum neurotoxin therapy was demonstrated to be a valuable alternative to conventional medical therapy for many conditions affecting the head and neck area in terms of morbidly, mortality, and patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes. Botulinum neurotoxin therapy provides viable alternatives to traditional treatment modalities for some conditions affecting the head and neck region that have neurological components. This therapy can overcome some of the morbidities associated with conventional therapy. More research is needed to determine the ideal doses of botulinum neurotoxin to treat different diseases affecting the head and neck regions